Ukraine, China's critical mineral dominance, on agenda as G7 meets

By Marion THIBAUT
Montreal (AFP) Nov 11, 2025

G7 foreign ministers gather in Canada Tuesday for meetings expected to focus on Ukraine and find consensus on a path forward to end the four-year-old conflict.

Options to fund Ukraine's war needs could feature prominently at the talks in Canada's Niagara region on the US border.

The diplomats are meeting after President Donald Trump slapped sanctions on Moscow's two largest oil companies in October, slamming Russian President Vladimir Putin over his refusal to end the conflict.

Trump has also pushed other European countries to stop buying oil that he says funds Moscow's war machine.

Ukraine is enduring devastating Russian attacks on its energy infrastructure, but Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand stopped short of promising concrete outcomes to aid Kyiv at the Niagara talks.

She told AFP a priority for the meeting was broadening discussion beyond the Group of Seven, which includes Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States.

"For Canada, it is important to foster a multilateral conversation, especially now, in such a volatile and complicated environment," Anand said.

Representatives from Saudi Arabia, India, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, Mexico and South Korea will also be on hand.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is set to hold bilateral talks with Anand on Wednesday, the second and final day of the G7 meeting.

Anand told AFP she did not expect to press the issue of Trump's trade war, which has forced Canadian job losses and squeezed economic growth.

"We will have a meeting and have many topics to discuss concerning global affairs," Anand said.

"The trade issue is being dealt with by other ministers."

Trump abruptly ended trade talks with Canada last month -- just after an apparently cordial White House meeting with Prime Minister Mark Carney.

The president has voiced fury over an ad, produced by Ontario's provincial government, which quoted former president Ronald Reagan on the harm caused by tariffs.

- Critical minerals -

The G7's top diplomats are meeting two weeks after the group's energy secretaries agreed on further steps to counter China's dominance of critical mineral supply chains, a growing area of concern for the world's industrialized democracies.

Beijing has established commanding market control over the refining and processing of various minerals -- especially the rare earth materials needed for the magnets that power sophisticated technologies.

The G7 announced on an initial series of joint projects last month to ramp up refining capacity that excludes China.

While the United States was not party to any of those initial deals, the Trump administration has signaled alignment with its G7 partners.

A State Department official told reporters ahead of the Niagara meet that critical mineral supply chains would be "a major point of focus."

"There's a growing global consensus amongst a lot of our partners and allies that economic security is national security," the official said.

China approves Chile lithium alliance, clearing major hurdle
Santiago (AFP) Nov 10, 2025 - China has given the green light to a major partnership between Chile's state-owned copper giant, Codelco, and lithium company SQM, unlocking plans to ramp up extraction in the Atacama salt flat -- one of the world's top lithium sites.

Chile holds about 40 percent of the world's lithium reserves and is the second-largest producer of the metal, a key product for electric vehicles and other clean energy technologies.

Set to run through 2060, the partnership aims to restore Chile's leadership in lithium production, a title it lost to Australia nearly a decade ago.

The deal, announced in late 2023, has now passed regulatory checks in several nations, with only Chile left to sign off.

"This is a proud moment for Codelco, SQM, and Chile," said Codelco chairman Maximo Pacheco.

"We're ready to help drive the global energy transition with the minerals the world needs."

SQM is one of the top global suppliers, with Chinese firm Tianqi owning a 22 percent stake.