Superradiant spin teamwork yields self driven microwave signals

by Simon Mansfield
Sydney, Australia (SPX) Jan 05, 2026

When quantum particles work together, they can produce signals far stronger than any one particle could generate alone, a cooperative phenomenon known as superradiance that has often caused rapid energy loss in quantum systems and created challenges for quantum technologies. A study published in Nature Physics shows that the same collective effect can instead generate self-sustained, long-lived microwave emission, turning what was once seen as a source of decoherence into a mechanism for robust signal generation.

Dr Wenzel Kersten, first author of the study, explains that interactions among the spins, which might appear disordered, in fact drive the emission by allowing the system to organize itself into a state that produces an extremely coherent microwave signal. Researchers from TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology) and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) report the first demonstration of self-induced superradiant masing, in which long-lived microwave bursts arise spontaneously without continuous external driving.

In their experiments, the team coupled a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, atomic-scale defects whose electron spins act as tiny magnets, to a microwave cavity to study how many spins behave together. They observed the expected initial superradiant burst, followed by a sequence of narrow, long-lived microwave pulses that did not match conventional expectations for a simple decay process.

Large-scale numerical simulations traced these pulses to self-induced spin - spin interactions that dynamically repopulate the energy levels of the NV centers, sustaining emission without external pumping. Professor William Munro, co-author and head of OIST's Quantum Engineering and Design Unit, notes that the spin interactions continually trigger new transitions so that the system effectively drives itself and reveals a new form of collective quantum behavior.

Beyond the fundamental physics, the work points to practical uses for stable, self-sustained microwave emission as a basis for precise clocks, communication links, and navigation systems that rely on microwave frequencies. Such signal sources are relevant for technologies including telecommunications, radar, and satellite-based positioning, where long-term stability and coherence are critical.

The researchers also highlight the potential to improve quantum sensors that detect tiny changes in magnetic or electric fields by exploiting collective spin behavior in solid-state systems. Professor Jorg Schmiedmayer of the Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology at TU Wien notes that advances in this direction could support medical imaging, materials science, and environmental monitoring by enabling more sensitive field measurements, illustrating how detailed insight into many-body quantum dynamics can translate into new tools for science and industry.

Research Report:Self-induced superradiant masing