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Sri Lanka army unit to fight civil war abuse claims
by Staff Writers
Colombo (AFP) May 11, 2018

Brazilian dictator personally approved killings in '70s: report
Rio De Janeiro (AFP) May 11, 2018 - The president under Brazil's military dictatorship in the 1970s personally authorized executions of "subversives," according to a declassified CIA document published Friday in the Brazilian media.

President Ernesto Geisel ruled Brazil from 1974 to 1979, toward the end of the country's two decade long military dictatorship.

According to the CIA document - dug up by Matias Spektor, head of the international relations department at the Getulio Vargas Foundation think tank - Geisel gave clear instructions to the head of the national intelligence agency that such killings should continue.

"On 1 April, President Geisel told General Figueiredo that the policy should continue, but that great care should be taken to make certain that only dangerous subversives were executed," reads the document.

The CIA report noted that Geisel and the intelligence head, Joao Baptista Figueiredo, decided that whenever a potential target was apprehended by the army, Figueiredo would have to give approval "before the person is executed."

The CIA report was issued on April 11, 1974 by then director William Colby and sent to the secretary of state, Henry Kissinger.

Memory of the 1964-1985 military dictatorship has faded for most Brazilians but not disappeared. Since then, the country has suffered repeated bouts of instability, economic crisis and corruption scandals, prompting some like presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro to view the brutal period with open nostalgia.

Spektor wrote on Facebook that the document was "the most disturbing I've read in 20 years of researching."

A National Truth Commission, which revealed the extent of torture and repression, listed 434 people executed or who disappeared during the dictatorship. But a 1979 amnesty meant that no one was ever prosecuted for crimes committed under the regime.

Vera Rotta, who worked at the human rights secretariat under the leftist governments of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, said the document is a smoking gun.

"We never had in our hands a document where it literally said: 'We will execute people.' (The military) always argued that executions were just isolated cases."

The declassified CIA document can be seen here

The Sri Lankan army has formed a special unit to defend itself against allegations of grave human rights abuses at the end of the island's decades-long ethnic war.

Army chief Lieutenant General Mahesh Senanayake said the group would collate local and international reports, and establish the truth to clear the military's name.

International rights groups accuse the military of killing 40,000 Tamil civilians in the final months of the war which ended in May 2009. The government of the time said not one civilian was killed.

"Different people have been saying different things, but our voice has not been heard," Senanayake told Colombo-based foreign correspondents.

"That is why I set up the special directorate of overseas operations to prepare our position."

Senanayake distanced the military from the previous claims that no civilians died, and acknowledged there may have been individual excesses.

"If someone says they know of specific instances (of rights violations) we are ready to investigate," Senanayake said. "I am not going to look the other way. I want to clear the name of the army."

He said there were conflicting claims of casualties from the 37-year-old Tamil separatist war.

"Different units of the army involved in the final offensive maintained figures of casualties. I want to collate all that.

"I know the (then) government said no civilian was killed, but it was not our voice. We never said that. This time, we want to come back with our story."

He said the 236,000-strong army wanted to clear its name and play a bigger role in UN international peacekeeping.

The government has said it lost at least 26,000 soldiers in the war with another 37,000 wounded. About 20,000 of the injured ended up with a permanent disability.

The Tamil Tiger rebels also lost heavily and the entire guerrilla leadership was wiped out in the military onslaught.

The government under then president Mahinda Rajapakse, who ordered the offensive, faced international censure for refusing to acknowledge what the UN called credible allegations.

The administration which came to power in January 2015 said it was willing to investigate and pay reparations to victims, but progress has been extremely slow.


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