Signatories to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) backed increased trade restrictions on species from whale sharks to manta rays at talks in Uzbekistan.
Conservationists and experts have warned that shark and ray species face growing pressure from overfishing and climate change.
"This is a historical win for sharks, something we were strongly hoping for," said Barbara Slee, senior programme manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare.
"Scientific data clearly shows sharks need to be treated as a conservation issue not a fishing resource," Slee told AFP.
CITES regulates trade in over 40,000 species, effectively banning sales of the world's most endangered flora and fauna listed under its Appendix I, and putting limits on threatened species under Appendix II.
Friday's decisions move whale sharks, manta rays and devil rays onto Appendix I after countries on Thursday did the same for the critically endangered oceanic whitetip shark.
A range of other species, including tope and smooth-hound sharks often hunted for their meat, and gulper sharks targeted for their liver oil, were placed on Appendix II.
This means trade will be regulated and allowed only if it is considered sustainable.
After several contentious sessions on regulating trade in other species, including eels, the proposal to increase shark protections passed by consensus, which Slee said was a sign of changing perceptions of sharks.
"This should mark the end of overfishing and a fresh wave of hope for sharks," she said.
Over a third of ray and shark species are threatened with extinction, largely due to overfishing, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Many are targeted for specific body parts, like fins or liver, or their meat, while others are killed incidentally by fishing nets targeting other species.
Wildlife trade body rejects new eel protections
Bangkok (AFP) Nov 27, 2025 -
The world's top wildlife trade body rejected new protections for eels on Thursday in a secret ballot at talks in Uzbekistan.
The proposal had been fiercely opposed by top eel consumers, particularly Japan, but also failed to win backing from countries worried about new trade regulations.
The vote came at a meeting of signatories to the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), a 50-year agreement protecting the world's most endangered animals and plants, and regulating trade in 36,000 species.
Eel populations are falling worldwide, scientists say, largely due to factors linked to human activity such as the pollution of waterways, destruction of wetlands, hydroelectric dams, and fishing.
European eels are considered critically endangered and their trade has been restricted by CITES since 2009.
But because eels cannot be bred in captivity, much of the trade is in wild-caught baby eels, with one species virtually indistinguishable from another.
The European Union and Panama sought to bring all 17 eel species under CITES Appendix II, placing new restrictions on trade.
"Every eel we eat comes from the wild, making them vulnerable to overfishing and illegal trade," the EU's representative warned.
The "harvest for international trade is a major cause of international decline."
The proposal was rejected out of hand by Japan, which called it unscientific and "excessive," backed by multiple countries including African nations who warned it would place undue administrative burdens on their authorities.
In a sign of the pressures around the issue, the proposal was voted on by secret ballot, a relatively uncommon procedure at the gathering, with nearly 75 percent of votes against.
The result was "not very surprising," said Oliver Tallowin, senior programme officer for wildlife use and trade at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Japan's opposition had been made clear early on in a submission running over 100 pages.
There are also differing views on the pressures other eel species face, said Tallowin.
"International trade has to be a threat to the species and... that was something we couldn't say with any sense of certainty," he told AFP.
For Andrew Kerr of the Sustainable Eel Group, "the short-term commercial and financial side won the debate massively."
Kerr, who has called eel trafficking the "greatest wildlife crime" on the planet, said the vote was a "real pity," but there were some silver linings.
A separate resolution proposing measures including more data gathering on eels and conservation capacity-building will be debated later Thursday at the talks in Samarkand.
"We've had a missed opportunity this morning, but then the fact that everyone's talking about eel, that's a huge victory too," Kerr said.
The resolution could gather data that would allow more protection of all eel species in the future, added Tallowin.
"Once something has been rejected... that doesn't mean its going to go away."
Votes are finalised later in the meeting, though it is unusual for them to be revised.
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