Tens of millions of people in the capital and surrounding areas have this week been hit by some of the region's worst prolonged smog in months.
On Wednesday, Beijing's concentrations of hazardous PM 2.5 particles were more than 20 times higher than World Health Organisation guidelines, air quality monitoring firm IQAir said.
And the Chinese capital was the third most polluted major city in the world, the firm said, just ahead of Bangladesh's capital Dhaka.
In response to the smog, authorities have taken steps to limit the activity of heavy-emitting vehicles and encouraged residents to remain indoors.
Chinese officials were cited by the state-run Beijing Daily as saying that "moderate" and "severe and above" levels of pollution were expected to affect the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area until mid-November.
The area is home to more than 100 million people.
A "moderate" pollution ranking still means pollutants in the air are well over WHO-recommended limits.
The forecasts for the region were based on joint analysis conducted by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre and local meteorological authorities across the country.
"The primary pollutants (in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region) are PM2.5 and PM10," the report said.
Those pollutants have been linked to premature deaths in people with heart or lung disease, as well as a host of breathing and other health issues, according to the US's Environmental Protection Agency.
In Beijing, authorities issued Monday the country's second-highest pollution warning.
And in parts of Hebei, one official forecast showed that hazy conditions brought visibility down to lower than 50 metres.
Authorities have blamed the smog on "unfavourable weather conditions".
China's capital declared "war on pollution" in 2015 after winning a bid to host the Winter Olympics, shutting down dozens of coal plants and relocating heavy industries to shed its status as one of the world's most polluted cities.
But while there have been improvements in recent years, air quality remains far below World Health Organization standards.
China is the world's biggest emitter of the greenhouse gases driving climate change, such as carbon dioxide.
A jump in approvals for coal-fired power plants has added to concerns that China will backtrack on its goals to peak emissions between 2026 and 2030 and become carbon-neutral by 2060.
Northern China chokes under severe pollution
Beijing (AFP) Oct 31, 2023 -
Tens of millions of people across northern China were under severe pollution warnings Tuesday, with authorities urging them to reduce outdoor activities as a greyish smog enveloped the region.
Several areas of north China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, home to over 100 million people, are suffering from some of the worst pollution they have seen in months.
In the capital Beijing, authorities Monday issued an orange alert -- the country's second-highest pollution warning.
"There has been more smog in the past two days... it really has an effect," said office worker Fu Dalin, 27.
"Because the smog is so serious, I won't go out for a run like usual, and will just have to stay at home," he told AFP in a business district in downtown Beijing.
Another resident of the capital, Xu Gengying, said the pollution wouldn't stop her from going about her everyday life.
"We still go out when we need to, if there's something to do. Just avoid doing some exercise outdoors -- no jogging," she said.
In several areas in densely populated Hebei province, which surrounds the capital, authorities issued their highest red alert.
Air quality monitoring firm IQAir on Tuesday listed Beijing as the fifth most-polluted major city on Earth, just ahead of Indian megalopolis Mumbai.
Authorities urged residents to "to reduce going out and strenuous outdoor exercise in the near future," according to state news agency Xinhua.
They were also limiting the number of construction and transport vehicles allowed on the roads.
In parts of Hebei, one official forecast showed that hazy conditions brought visibility down to lower than 50 metres.
In the nearby city of Tianjin, south of Beijing and home to 15 million people, the meteorological bureau advised anyone suffering from respiratory issues to refrain from going outside and to wear a mask if they do.
- 'Unfavourable' conditions -
Official forecasters say the smog, which they blamed on "unfavourable weather conditions", will linger in the region until temperatures drop from unseasonably mild highs later this week.
Should a red alert be issued in Beijing, that would trigger measures such as reducing traffic by prohibiting emitting vehicles with licence plates ending in even and odd numbers from driving on alternate days.
The Chinese capital declared "war on pollution" after winning the Winter Olympics bid in 2015, shutting down dozens of coal plants and relocating heavy industries to shed its status as one of the world's most polluted cities.
But while there has been improvement in recent years, air quality remains far below World Health Organization standards.
China is the world's biggest emitter of the greenhouse gases driving climate change, such as carbon dioxide.
Greenpeace said in April that China has approved a major surge in coal power this year, accusing it of prioritising energy supply over its pledge to reduce emissions from fossil fuels.
The jump in approvals for coal-fired power plants has added to concerns that China will backtrack on its goals to peak emissions between 2026 and 2030 and become carbon-neutral by 2060.
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