US Secretary of State John Kerry met Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu Thursday as he pushed a framework for Middle East peace talks, amid growing tension with the Palestinians.

The two met in Jerusalem, launching what is expected to be an intense four days of shuttle diplomacy between Israeli and Palestinian leaders.

Kerry's meeting with Netanyahu was extending into the night, having already lasted more than four hours. Defence Minister Moshe Yaalon and Justice Minister Tzipi Livni, who is the chief negotiator with the Palestinians, had joined the talks, Israeli media reported.

The top US diplomat will be meeting with his Israeli counterpart Avigdor Lieberman on Friday before heading to the west Bank city of Ramallah for talks with Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas.

Kerry has faced fierce opposition from both sides to any compromise on mostly irreconcilable demands since he kick-started direct negotiations in July after a three-year hiatus.

His latest visit, the 10th since March, comes with Palestinian and Israeli leaders accusing each other of lacking serious commitment to achieving a lasting peace.

"I plan to work with both sides more intensely in these next days to narrow the differences on a framework that will provide the agreed guidelines for permanent status negotiations," Kerry told reporters before meeting Netanyahu.

"An agreed framework would be a significant breakthrough."

Netanyahu repeated that he did not believe the Palestinians were taking the process seriously.

"Unfortunately, given the actions and words of Palestinian leaders, there's growing doubt in Israel that the Palestinians are committed to peace," he said.

"A few days ago in Ramallah, president Abbas embraced terrorists as heroes... How can he say that he stands against terrorism when he embraces the perpetrators of terrorism and glorifies them as heroes?"

Netanyahu was referring to Israel's release of the third of four batches of 104 veteran Palestinian prisoners as a goodwill gesture agreed under the talks process.

As the meeting between Kerry and Netanyahu continued on Thursday night, dozens of Israelis were protesting outside the US diplomat's hotel for the release of Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard, a former US Navy analyst detained in 1985 for supplying Israel with secret documents.

A State Department official said ahead of Kerry's trip that he aims to hammer out a framework to guide the sides through the tough final months of talks, due to end in late April.

Kerry and his team hope to have the framework in place soon, addressing the core issues.

These include the contours of the borders of a future Palestinian state, the fate of Jerusalem which both sides claim as their capital, and Palestinian refugees.

The Palestinians want borders based on the 1967 lines that existed before the Six-Day War, when Israel captured the West Bank, including now annexed Arab east Jerusalem.

But Israel wants to retain existing settlements it has built inside occupied Palestinian territory since then.

Jordan Valley security

On security, Israel wants to maintain a military presence in the Jordan Valley, where the West Bank borders Jordan, under any peace deal.

The Palestinians reject this, instead seeking an international force to guarantee security there.

A senior Palestine Liberation Organisation official reiterated rejection of US proposals on Jordan Valley security, in a statement after Kerry's arrival.

"The proposed framework restricts Palestinian sovereignty on Palestinian territory," Yasser Abed Rabbo said.

"A measure that could really push the talks forward is drawing up complete borders between the Palestinian state and Israel, based on the 1967 lines... and having a clear timetable for withdrawal from all Palestinian territory."

The latest prisoner release was expected to be followed by announcements of further Israeli settlement expansion on Palestinian territory, an issue that has crippled the talks and caused international anger.

A US State Department official said before the visit that Israeli settlement expansion had created difficulties, and reiterated Washington's position that the settlements are illegitimate.

Previous announcements directly coincided with the first and second Palestinian prisoner releases.

Several thousand new settler homes, the building of which is illegal under international law, have been announced since the talks started.

The Palestinians have threatened to sue Israel through the international courts should it continue to expand its settlements.

But Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas has also reiterated a commitment to see out the nine months of talks before taking such action.

Despite the differences between the two sides, the 70-year-old former senator Kerry has proved persistent in his efforts to keep the peace process alive.