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FLORA AND FAUNA
Kenya hails anti-poaching efforts in first wildlife census
By Hillary ORINDE
Nairobi (AFP) Aug 31, 2021

Sri Lanka reports rare birth of elephant twins
Colombo (AFP) Aug 31, 2021 - Sri Lanka's main elephant orphanage recorded a rare twin birth Tuesday as a 25-year-old named Surangi delivered healthy male calves.

They are the first elephant twins born in captivity in Sri Lanka since 1941, according to elephant expert Jayantha Jayewardene.

"Both the calves and the mother are doing fine," Renuka Bandaranaike, head of the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, told AFP.

"The babies are relatively small, but they are healthy."

She said Surangi gave birth to a male calf in 2009 and this was her second time around. The father, 17-year-old Pandu, is also one of 81 residents at the orphanage, which was set up in 1975 to care for destitute wild elephants.

The facility, a key tourist attraction, has been closed to visitors because of coronavirus restrictions.

Last year, wildlife officials said the first known twins born in the wild in Sri Lanka had been spotted at the Minneriya sanctuary in the east of the island.

The government has unveiled tough regulations to protect the animals who are considered sacred in the majority Buddhist nation.

Many rich Sri Lankans -- including Buddhist monks -- keep elephants as pets to show off their wealth, but reports of ill treatment are widespread.

Those who violate the new law will have their elephant taken into state care and could face a three-year prison sentence.

Official records show there are about 200 domesticated elephants in Sri Lanka and an estimated 7,500 in the wild.

Capturing wild elephants is a criminal offence punishable by death, but prosecutions are rare.

Activists say that more than 40 baby elephants have been stolen from wildlife parks in the past 15 years.

Endangered Bengal tiger cub born at Nicaragua zoo
Masaya, Nicaragua (AFP) Aug 31, 2021 - A Bengal tiger cub is being cared for by humans at Nicaragua's National Zoo after its mother was unable to produce the milk necessary to feed the latest little addition to the endangered species, the zoo's director Eduardo Sacasa said Tuesday.

The tiger, which was born on Saturday, is the fourth of its kind to be born at the National Zoo in Masaya, some 20 miles (30 kilometers) south of the capital Managua.

The four-day-old baby, who does not yet have a name, is "being fed with a special milk for cats," Sacasa said.

"She is very sweet," he said.

"We're taking care of her so that she survives -- this is a difficult period for her because she did not get any colostrum for her natural defenses," Sacasa explained, referring to the early nutrient-dense milk mammals produce right after birth.

The cub's mother Dalila had given birth to a female white tiger cub -- called Nieve, or snow -- in December, but that baby died of respiratory problems only two weeks later, despite the special care given by the zoo.

Nicaragua's National Zoo has two other female tigers that have also given birth.

Sacasa said the births give him hope the zoo can be a kind of "genetic center" in protecting the species.

Bengal tigers are listed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species as in danger of extinction, thanks to hunting and deforestation of its natural habitat in Asia.

Kenya has hailed its efforts to crack down on poaching as it released the results of the country's first-ever national wildlife census, calling the survey a vital weapon in its conservation battle.

According to the census released late Monday, the country has a total of 36,280 elephants, a 12-percent jump from the figures recorded in 2014, when poaching activity was at its highest.

"Efforts to increase penalties on crimes related to threatened species appear to be bearing fruits," the report, which counted 30 species of animals and covered nearly 59 percent of Kenya's land mass, said.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) warned in March that poaching and habitat destruction, particularly due to land conversion for agriculture, was devastating elephant numbers across Africa.

The population of African savanna elephants plunged by at least 60 percent in the last half century, prompting their reclassification as "endangered" in the latest update to the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species.

The census said the numbers of lions, zebras, hirolas (Hunter's antelopes) and the three species of giraffes found in the country had also gone up, but did not provide comparative figures from earlier years.

The state-funded survey counted 1,739 rhinos including two northern white rhinos, 897 critically endangered black rhinos and 840 southern white rhinos, and said the tourist magnet Maasai Mara National Reserve was home to nearly 40,000 wildebeest.

"Obtaining this level of information... allows for better policy, planning and assessment of areas that require focus in our interventions to maintain or improve our national conservation efforts," Wildlife Minister Najib Balala said in the report.

President Uhuru Kenyatta applauded conservation agencies for successfully clamping down on poaching and urged them to find newer, inventive approaches to protect wildlife.

"The reduction in losses in terms of elephants, rhinos and other endangered species is because of the great work that KWS (Kenya Wildlife Service), its officers and men are doing", he said late Monday.

- 'Our children's legacy' -

Special attention should be given to antelope species such as sable antelopes and mountain bongos which already number less than 100 each, the report said, warning that they could become extinct unless urgent action was taken.

Exponential growth in human population and the accompanying rise in demand for land for settlement as well as activities such as livestock incursions, logging and charcoal burning are threatening to put brakes on the recent gains, it added.

Kenya, like several of its African peers, is trying to strike a balance between protecting its wildlife while managing the dangers they pose when they raid human settlements in search of food and water.

"(Wildlife) is our heritage, this is our children's legacy and it is important for us to be able to know what we have in order to be better informed on policy and also on actions needed as we move forward," Kenyatta said.

"It being a national heritage, it is something we should carry with pride", he added.


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FLORA AND FAUNA
Planet in peril: Global conservation congress urges wildlife protection
Paris (AFP) Aug 31, 2021
When the world's leading conservation congress kicks off Friday in the French port city of Marseille it will aim to deliver one key message: protecting wildlife must not be seen as a noble gesture but an absolute necessity - for people and the planet. Loss of biodiversity, climate change, pollution, diseases spreading from the wild have become existential threats that cannot be "understood or addressed in isolation," the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said ahead of the me ... read more

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