China lifted quarantine requirements for inbound travellers on Sunday, ending almost three years of self-imposed isolation even as the country battles a surge in Covid cases.

The first people to arrive expressed relief at not having to undergo the gruelling quarantines that were a fixture of life in zero-Covid China.

And in Hong Kong, where the border with mainland China was re-opened after years of closure, more than 400,000 people were set to travel north in the coming eight weeks.

Beijing last month began a dramatic dismantling of a hardline zero-Covid strategy that had enforced mandatory quarantines and punishing lockdowns.

The policy had a huge impact on the world's second-biggest economy and generated resentment throughout society that led to nationwide protests just before it was eased.

At Shanghai's Pudong International Airport, a woman surnamed Pang told AFP Sunday she was thrilled with the ease of travel.

"I think it's really good that the policy has changed now, it's really humane," she told AFP.

"It's a necessary step I think. Covid has become normalised now and after this hurdle everything will be smooth," she said.

Chinese people rushed to plan trips abroad after officials last month announced that quarantine would be dropped, sending inquiries on popular travel websites soaring.

But the expected surge in visitors has led more than a dozen countries to impose mandatory Covid tests on travellers from the world's most populous nation as it battles its worst-ever outbreak.

China has called travel curbs imposed by other countries "unacceptable", despite it continuing to largely block foreign tourists and international students from travelling to the country.

China's Covid outbreak is forecast to worsen as it enters the Lunar New Year holiday this month, during which millions are expected to travel from hard-hit megacities to the countryside to visit vulnerable older relatives.

And Beijing has moved to curb criticism of its chaotic path out of zero-Covid, with its Twitter-like Weibo service saying it had recently banned 1,120 accounts for "offences against experts and scholars".

- 'We just walked out' -

At Beijing airport Sunday, barriers that once kept international and domestic arrivals apart were gone, as were the "big whites" -- staff in hazmat suits long a fixture of life in zero-Covid China.

One woman, there to greet a friend arriving from Hong Kong, said the first thing they'd do was grab a meal.

"It's so great, we haven't seen each other in so long," Wu, 20, told AFP.

"They are studying over there, and we can meet each other directly in Beijing... It's been a year," she added.

At Shanghai airport, one man surnamed Yang who was arriving from the United States said he had not been aware that the rules had changed.

"I had no idea," he told AFP.

"I'd consider myself extremely lucky if I only need to do quarantine for two days, turned out I don't have to do quarantine at all, and no paperwork, we just walked out like that, exactly like in the past," he added.

"I'm quite happy not needing to be in quarantine," another woman being picked up by her boyfriend who declined to give her name told AFP.

"Who wants to be in quarantine? Nobody."

- Hong Kong opens -

In China's southern semi-autonomous city of Hong Kong, visitors streamed across the border as travel restrictions with the Chinese mainland were eased.

Hong Kong's recession-hit economy is desperate to reconnect with its biggest source of growth, and families are looking forward to reunions over the Lunar New Year.

Official data showed some 410,000 people in Hong Kong planned to travel north in the next two month, while some 7,000 people in the mainland planned to travel south on Sunday.

At the Lok Ma Chau checkpoint near Shenzhen, a postgraduate student from mainland China surnamed Zeng told AFP they were happy to cross with no more restrictions.

"I am happy as long as I don't have to be quarantined -- it was so unbearable," Zeng told AFP.

Netherlands, Portugal require Covid tests for China arrivals
The Hague (AFP) Jan 6, 2023 - The Dutch and Portuguese governments on Friday joined a growing number of nations requiring air passengers arriving from China to show a negative Covid-19 test upon entry.

More than a dozen countries have slapped fresh travel regulations on travellers from the world's most populous nation, which is struggling with a surge in Covid cases following its decision to relax strict virus restrictions.

The Dutch measures, which will come into force on Tuesday, are in line with European Union recommendations, the health ministry said.

"I think it is important for us bring in travel restrictions as part of European anti-Covid measures," said Health Minister Ernst Kuipers said.

Amsterdam-Schiphol is one of Europe's biggest airports and is a hub for numerous intercontinental flight connections.

Later Friday Portugal's health ministry followed suit, announcing that passengers taking a flight from China will have to present a negative test for Covid-19 before boarding the plane, with their new rules coming into forces on Saturday.

Both governments, in their announcements on Friday, said that face masks should be worn on such flights.

EU experts on Wednesday "strongly encouraged" the bloc's 27 member states to demand Covid tests from people on flights from China and conduct random tests on arrivals.

Several other EU nations -- including Germany, France, Germany, Italy and Spain --- have already announced Covid test requirements on those arriving from China.

The United States and Japan are among the non-European countries to have brought in similar measures.

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Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg discourage travel to Covid-hit China
Berlin (AFP) Jan 7, 2023
Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg on Saturday discouraged non-essential trips to China, the world's most populous nation, as it struggles with a surge in Covid cases after relaxing strict virus restrictions. "We currently discourage non-essential trips to China. The reason is a peak in Covid infections and an overwhelmed health system," the German foreign ministry said on Twitter. Neighbouring Belgium and Luxembourg were swift to follow suit. "Luxembourg is aligning itself with the German tra ... read more